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Part of Carer Support Payment decision making guide


Employed earners

Calculating weekly earnings of employed earnings

Systems are developed to automatically calculate weekly earnings of employed earners.

For Carer Support Payment, eligibility is based on weekly earnings. Therefore earnings are calculated to get a weekly amount.

Where the client gets a payment for a period of a week or less, the whole payment is the weekly amount.

When a client gets a payment for a period that is more than a week, this payment is automatically converted into a weekly amount using the following calculations set out in regulations

  • if the period is a month, the payment is multiplied by 12 and divided by 52
  • if the period is 3 months, the payment is multiplied by 4 and divided by 52
  • if the period is a year, the payment is divided by 52
  • in any other case, the payment is multiplied by 7 and divided by the number of days the payment period covers.

Net earnings are calculated as follows:

  • Establish the gross earnings/receipts;
  • Deduct income tax paid;
  • Deduct National Insurance contributions
  • Deduct 50% of private or occupational pension contributions
  • Deduct any work-related expenses not reimbursed by the employer, or allowable business expenses in the case of self-employed carers;
  • Deduct costs for childcare or replacement care for the disabled person up to 50% of net earnings.

For more details see Carer Support Payment Regulations, Schedule 2, paragraph 7 (1)

Fluctuating earnings

Earnings can be averaged for employed earners whose earnings vary or they are not paid every week because of their working pattern.

Earnings can be averaged over either:

  • 5 weeks
  • a ‘recognisable cycle of work’
  • the period that the client has provided evidence of payslips for, up to 26 weeks.
  • another period which would be more accurate in calculating weekly earnings. This could be any period up to 26 weeks.

For more details see Carer Support Payment Regulations, Schedule 2, Paragraph 7(3)

Deciding an averaging period

An employed client’s earnings are automatically averaged over 5 weeks, if any of their weekly earnings are over the limit for Carer Support Payment. If all their earnings are below the limit, you do not need to do anything.

For some clients with earnings over the earnings limit, the 5 week averaging period might not be suitable.

Decision makers must consider the client’s circumstances and earnings pattern to determine the most appropriate period.

Please note the illustrative examples in this guidance have been worked out using the 2025-26 earnings threshold. For a list of current and previous threshold amounts please see operational guidance on benefit rates.

Decision making steps:  

1. Check for a recognisable cycle of work
Review the client’s earnings data to identify any repeating pattern in the client’s earnings. A recognisable cycle of work means a consistent sequence of earnings that repeats over time. If a cycle is identified, earnings should be averaged over one complete cycle.

Example of a recognisable cycle of work

Alex tells us on application that they are employed and sometimes earn more than the earnings threshold. HMRC data shows that their earnings are:

Week 1 - £200

Week 2 - £ 200

Week 3 - £ 182

Week 4 - £ 200

Week 5 - £ 200

Week 6 - £ 182

Week 7 - £ 200

Week 8 - £ 200


2. We can see a recognisable cycle of work every three weeks because weeks 1 to 3 are repeated in weeks 4 to 7.

We can calculate the average by totalling earnings within the cycle and dividing by 3. The average weekly earnings are:

 200 +  200 + 182  =  582
 582 / 3 = £ 194

Alex meets all other conditions of entitlement and is awarded Carer Support Payment.

If no recognisable cycle of work exists

Consider whether a 5-week averaging period is appropriate. A 5-week averaging period may not be appropriate because:

  • the client’s earnings follow a different pattern, such as 6 or 7 weeks
  • there’s one weekly payment much higher than the rest
  • there’s an extra payment in a particular month
  • some weeks have higher earnings than others, meaning a 5 week period would not reflect what the client usually earns
  • the client's earnings follow a different pattern for example, earnings appear to repeat every 4 or 6 weeks

3. Use payslips or HMRC data
Average over the period that we have earnings data for up to a maximum of 26 weeks. This may be from payslips from the client or from HMRC data. This should reflect the client’s financial circumstances on either the:

  • chosen start date (if they applied to backdate their award)
  • application date (if the client did not apply to backdate their award)

 4. Adjust for changes in circumstances
In order to accurately calculate the client’s earnings, the averaging period should reflect the client’s financial circumstances at the point of their chosen start date or application date. In practice, it should balance being representative of the client’s circumstances and capture a reasonable number of fluctuating pay periods.

This means considering whether the client has:

  • ended employment
  • started new employment
  • started working additional or reduced hours
  • started paying in deductions
  • started paying more or less in deductions than usual

This avoids the client’s average earnings being skewed by amounts from circumstances that no longer apply e.g. when they were working more or less than usual.

5. Data should first be considered in the 26-week period prior to the client’s chosen start date or application date. This is because decision makers are trying to decide what the client was usually earning up to their chosen start date or application date.
 

Example of averaging over the period that we have earnings data for

 

Katie applies for Carer Support Payment in June. They tell us on application that they are employed and sometimes earn more than the weekly earnings limit. HMRC data shows that Katie is paid every 2 months but that the amount is the not the same each time. Katie’s earnings over  the 26 weeks  prior to their application are:

December - £0
January - £1500
February - £0
March - £2000
April - £0
May - £1570

Although Katie is paid every 2 months, as the payment amount is different each time, this would not be an appropriate cycle to use for calculating an average. 

Five weeks would also not be an accurate averaging period as Katie is only paid approximately every 8 weeks.

Instead, Katie’s earnings should be averaged over the 26 week period for which we have evidence of earnings:

 5070 / 26 =  195

Katie is earning £195 a week on average. As they meet all other conditions of entitlement, they are awarded Carer Support Payment.​​​​​

Example of averaging over another period

 

Ash applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 4 weeks in the past. Ash has been a delivery driver with fluctuating earnings.

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

Ash applies on Monday 6 October

05/10/2025

11/10/2025

£140

 

28/09/2025

04/10/2025

£185

 

21/09/2025

27/09/2025

£220

 

14/09/2025/

20/09/2025

£176

 

07/09/2025

13/09/2025

£198

Ash chooses a start date of 1 Sep

31/08/2025

06/09/2025

£182

 

24/08/2025

30/08/2025

£225

 

17/08/2025

23/08/2025

£171

 

10/08/2025

16/08/2025

£213

 

03/08/2025

09/08/2025

£360

 

27/07/2025

02/08/2025

£150

 

20/07/2025

26/07/2025

£140

There is earnings data available back to the award week beginning 20 July 2025. To decide if Ash is eligible from the award week of his chosen start date, you must decide what his average earnings were in the previous award week.

This is because of forward allocation rules that mean what you earn this week affects your entitlement in the following week.

There is no recognisable cycle of work where Ash’s earnings repeat in a pattern. 5 weeks would also not be an appropriate averaging period because of the extent to which Ash’s earnings vary. Earnings in one 5-week period would be very different to the next so taking a 5-week average would not reflect what Ash usually earns accurately.

The earnings data shows an unusually high amount that does not reflect what Ash usually earns. The amount of £360 in the award week of 03/08/25 should be disregarded.

The averaging period should then be the number of weeks that there is earnings data available for, disregarding the amount of £360. This is a period of 6 weeks.

(£182 + £225 + £171 + £213 + £150 + £140) / 6 = £180

Ash’s average earnings are £180 a week.

To be eligible from Sunday 31 August, the system will check: 

  • Average earnings from the previous 6 weeks up to Saturday 30 August
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week 24 August to 30 August

 

Actual earnings in the previous award week are over the limit. Average earnings from the previous 6 weeks are under the limit. If Ash meets all other eligibility criteria, he can get Carer Support Payment starting from Sunday 31 August 2025.

Example of averaging

 

ContentGeorgia applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 6 weeks in the past. Georgia’s earnings vary:

 

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

 

29/06/25

05/07/25

£170

Georgia applies on Tuesday 27 June

22/06/25

28/06/25

£195

 

15/06/25

21/06/25

£180

 

08/06/25

14/06/25

£200

 

01/06/25

07/06/25

£190

 

25/05/25

31/05/25

£420

 

18/05/25

24/05/25

£390

Georgia’s chosen start date is 12 May

11/05/25

17/05/25

£415

 

04/05/25

10/05/25

£385

 

27/04/25

03/05/25

£410

 

20/04/25

26/04/25

£395

 

13/04/25

19/04/25

£390

 

06/04/25

12/04/25

£405

 

30/03/25

05/04/25

£380

 

23/03/25

29/03/25

£420

 

16/03/25

22/03/25

£390

 

09/03/25

15/03/25

£400

 

The client advisor must decide if Georgia can be eligible from the award week of her chosen start date. Based on the available earnings information, Georgia has no recognisable cycle of work or pattern in her earnings. Her earnings could be averaged over 5 weeks between 6 April to 10 May:

(£405 + £390 + £395 + £410 + £385) / 5 = £397

Georgia’s average gross earnings are over the limit.

In line with operational guidance on expenses and disregards, Georgia is contacted for information about any deductions or disregards she had between this period. 

Georgia confirms that she did not have any deductions or disregards. The available earnings information shows a decrease in her overall earnings from 1 June. The client advisor checks if Georgia recently had a change in her circumstances. Georgia confirms she has permanently reduced her working hours due to her caring responsibilities.

Georgia could instead be eligible from Sunday 8 June because her actual earnings in the previous award week are below the earnings limit.

This is because of forward allocation rules that mean earnings in one week will affect entitlement in the following week.

Georgia’s earnings:

    • £420 received 25/05/25
    • £390 received 18/05/25
    • £415 received 11/05/25
       

are ignored as they are unusually high compared to her current earnings and would create an average which is not reflective of what she is normally earning going forward. This is because Georgia has reduced her working hours.

          Georgia would continue being eligible for CSP.

          In the award week 15/06/26, the system would check:

  • Average earnings from the previous 5 weeks up to Saturday 14 June 
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week, 8 June to 14 June

 

Actual earnings in the previous award week are over the limit. Average earnings from the previous 5 weeks are under the limit.

200 + 190 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 390
390 / 5 = 78

Example of averaging period where the client has post-application eligibility

 

Luke applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 3 weeks in the past. His earnings are shown in the table below.

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

 

02/11/25

08/11/25

£120

 

26/10/25

01/11/25

£140

 

19/10/25

25/10/25

£135

 

12/10/25

18/10/25

£150

 

05/10/25

11/10/25

£160

Luke applies on 30 September

28/09/25

04/10/25

£200

 

21/09/25

27/09/25

£215

 

14/09/25

20/09/25

£225

Luke’s chosen start date is 9 September

07/09/25

13/09/25

£200

 

31/08/25

06/09/25

£215

 

24/08/25

30/08/25

£225

 

17/08/25

23/08/25

£200

 

10/08/25

16/08/25

£215

 

03/08/25

09/08/25

£210

 

27/07/25

02/08/25

£205

 

20/07/25

26/07/25

£220

The client advisor must decide if Luke can be eligible from the award week of his chosen start date. Based on the available earnings information, Luke does not have a recognisable cycle of work or pattern in his earnings. Based on the available earnings data, Luke’s average weekly earnings up to the award week leading up to his chosen start date are:

(£220 + £205 + £210 + £215 + £200 + £225 + £215) / 7 = £212.86

To first check whether the client could be eligible from the award week of their chosen start date – Sunday 7 September 2025, the system will check:

  • Average earnings from the previous 7 weeks up to Saturday 6 September
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week 31 August to 6 September

Luke’s actual earnings in the award week of 31 August are over the limit. His average gross earnings from the previous 7 weeks up to Saturday 6 September are also over the limit.

The average weekly earnings up to the award week leading up to his application date are also over the limit. Luke is contacted for information about any deductions or disregards he had between 20 July 2025 up to his application date in line with operational guidance on expenses and disregards.

He confirms that he did not. Luke cannot be eligible for Carer Support Payment from:

  • the award week of his chosen start date
  • the award week of his application date
  • any award weeks in between

Luke confirms that he started working less at the start of October. His earnings decrease from 5 October onwards. Luke could be entitled after his application date because:

  • his earnings are overall under the limit
  • the applied to backdate his award but he could not be eligible from the week of his chosen start date

Luke can instead be entitled from 5 October. This is permissible because this is within 91 days of his application date. More information on post-application eligibility can be found in the APPLYING FOR CARER SUPPORT DMG chapter
 

Example of averaging period where the client has recently taken on more work

 

Jakub applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 3 weeks in the past. Jakub is a food service worker whose earnings vary each week. He took on additional hours at work leading up to his chosen start date. His earnings are shown below.

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

 

29/06/25

05/07/25

£195

Jakub applies on Friday 28 June

22/06/25

28/06/25

£190

 

15/06/25

21/06/25

£185

 

08/06/25

14/06/25

£180

Jakub’s chosen start date is 1 June

01/06/25

07/06/25

£220

 

25/05/25

31/05/25

£195

 

18/05/25

24/05/25

£190

 

11/05/25

17/05/25

£180

 

04/05/25

10/05/25

£200

 

27/04/25

03/05/25

£100

 

20/04/25

26/04/25

£110

 

13/04/25

19/04/25

£120

 

The averaging period should begin when Jakub’s earnings increased overall from taking on more work. To work out if Jakub is eligible from the award week of his chosen start date, the averaging period should be from Sunday 4 May to Saturday 31 May (4 weeks).

Jakub’s average weekly earnings are:

(£200 + £180 + £190 + £195) / 4 = £191.25

The averaging period can be 4 weeks.

Jakub can be eligible from the award week of his chosen start date, 1 June 2025 if either are below the limit:

  • Average earnings from the previous 4 weeks up to Saturday 31 May 
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week 25 May to 31 May 

If he meets all other eligibility criteria, Jakub can be awarded from start of the award week of his chosen start date, which is Sunday 1 June.

This is because his average earnings in the previous 4 weeks are below the limit.
 

Example of averaging period where the client has recently taken on other additional work

 

Aisha applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 7 weeks in the past. Aisha already had fluctuating earnings when she started a second job on 24 May. Her earnings are shown below.

 

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

 

17/08/25

23/08/25

£190

Aisha applies on Wednesday 14 Aug

10/08/25

16/08/25

£195

 

03/08/25

09/08/25

£185

 

27/07/25

02/08/25

£200

 

20/07/25

26/07/25

£210

 

13/07/25

19/07/25

£195

 

06/07/25

12/07/25

£190

 

29/06/25

05/07/25

£180

Aisha’s chosen start date is 26 June

22/06/25

28/06/25

£205

 

15/06/25

21/06/25

£195

 

08/06/25

14/06/25

£180

 

01/06/25

07/06/25

£200

 

25/05/25

31/05/25

£190

Aisha started a second job on 19 May

18/05/25

24/05/25

£185

 

11/05/25

17/04/25

£70

 

04/05/25

10/05/25

£80

The averaging period should reflect when Aisha started a second job and started earning more. To decide if Aisha is eligible from the award week of her chosen start date, her earnings should be averaged from Sunday 18 May to Saturday 21 June. Her average weekly earnings over this period are:

(£185 + £190 + £200 + £180 + £195) / 5 = £190

The averaging period can be 5 weeks.

To be eligible from the award week of her chosen start date, 22 June 2025, the system will check whether:

  • Average earnings in the previous 5 weeks up to Saturday 21 June are under the limit.
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week 15 June to 21 June are under the limit

If Aisha meets all other eligibility criteria, she can be awarded Carer Support Payment from the start of the award week that her chosen start date is in. In this example, from 22nd June.

This is because both her actual earnings and average earnings in the previous 4 weeks are below the limit.

 

Example of averaging period where client has reduced working hours

 

Jenny applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 6 weeks in the past. Jenny has had to reduce her working hours recently due to her caring responsibilities. Her earnings are shown below.

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

Jenny’s application date is 30 July

27/07/2025

02/08/2025

£181

 

20/07/2025

26/07/2025

£180

 

13/07/2025

19/07/2025

£198

 

06/07/2025

12/07/2025

£194

 

29/06/2025

05/07/2025

£193

 

22/06/2025

28/06/2025

£191

Jenny’s chosen start date is 16 June

15/06/2025

21/06/2025

£190

 

08/06/2025

14/06/2025

£196

 

01/06/2025

07/06/2025

£197

 

25/05/2025

31/05/2025

£185

 

18/05/2025

24/05/2025

£190

 

11/05/2025

17/05/2025

£196

 

04/05/2025

10/05/2025

£197

 

27/04/2025

03/05/2025

£199

 

20/04/2025

26/04/2025

£200

 

13/04/2025

19/04/2025

£350

 

06/04/2025

12/04/2025

£385

 

30/03/2025

05/04/2025

£360

 

23/03/2025

29/03/2025

£377

We can see that Jenny reduced her working hours and started to earn less than usual from the award week 20/04/2025.

The averaging period should reflect when Jenny started to reduce her working hours and earn less. To decide if Jenny is eligible from the award week of her chosen start date, her earnings should be averaged from Sunday 20 April to Saturday 14 June. Her average weekly earnings over this period are:

(£200 + £199 + £197 + £196 + £190 + £185 + £197 + £196)  / 8 = £195

The averaging period can be 8 weeks.

To be eligible from the award week of her chosen start date, 15 June 2025, the system will check whether:

  • Average earnings in the previous 8 weeks up to Saturday 14 June are under the limit.
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week 8 June to 14 June are under the limit

If Jenny meets all other eligibility criteria, she can be awarded Carer Support Payment from the start of the award week that her chosen start date is in, 15 June 2025. This is because her average earnings in the previous 8 weeks are not more than £196 a week, the earnings threshold for 2025-26.  For a list of current and previous earnings thresholds, see operational guidance on benefit rates.

Example of eligibility based on actual earnings where client has reduced working hours

 

Lorraine applies for Carer Support Payment and chooses a start date 4 weeks in the past. Lorraine has had to reduce her working hours recently due to her caring responsibilities. Her earnings are shown below.

 

Award week start

Award week end

Earnings

 

06/07/2025

12/07/2025

£190

 

29/06/2025

05/07/2025

£191

Lorraine’s application date is 27 June

22/06/2025

28/06/2025

£192

 

15/06/2025

21/06/2025

£190

 

08/06/2025

14/06/2025

£195

 

01/06/2025

07/06/2025

£197

Lorraine’s chosen start date is 26 May

25/05/2025

31/05/2025

£198

 

18/05/2025

24/05/2025

£195

 

11/05/2025

17/05/2025

£200

 

04/05/2025

10/05/2025

£202

 

27/04/2025

03/05/2025

£205

 

20/04/2025

26/04/2025

£210

 

13/04/2025

19/04/2025

£295

 

06/04/2025

12/04/2025

£300

 

30/03/2025

05/04/2025

£285

 

We see that Lorraine reduced her working hours and started earning less in the award week 20/04/2025.

The averaging period should reflect when Lorraine started to reduce her working hours and earn less. To decide if Lorraine is eligible from the award week of her chosen start date, her earnings should be averaged from Sunday 20 April to Saturday 24 May.

The averaging period can be 5 weeks.

Her average weekly earnings over this period are:

(£210 + £205 + £202 + £200 + £195) / 5 = £202.40

To be eligible from the award week of her chosen start date, 25 May 2025, the system will check whether:

  • Average earnings in the previous 5 weeks up to Saturday 24 May June are under the limit.
  • Actual earnings in the previous award week 18 May to 24 May are under the limit

In this case, Lorraine’s average earnings are over the limit. Her actual earnings in the previous award were below the limit though.

If Lorraine meets all other eligibility criteria, she can be awarded Carer Support Payment from the start of the award week that her chosen start date is in, 25 May 2025. This is because her actual earnings in the previous award week are not more than £196 a week, the earnings threshold for 2025-26.  For a list of current and previous earnings thresholds, see Rates of Carer Benefits and Earnings Threshold guidance. 

Unusually high earnings  

Unusually high earnings can be ignored in some situations where average earnings are being calculated.

Unusually high earnings can be ignored in the system where the client is a fluctuating earner i.e. they do not earn each week or their earnings vary.

Unusually high earnings are where there is a pay period of their normal wages or salary that is:

  • clearly and significantly higher than all other pay periods
  • not reflective of what the client usually earns

The unusually high pay period must not be:

  • a recurring amount that the client receives in other pay periods
  • a permanent pay increase

Please see operational guidance for ignoring unusually high earnings for more information. 

One-off payments 

A one-off payment is a payment that:

  • is not normal wages or salary
  • is not payable in respect of a specific period (e.g. not money received for work done for a particular week, month or year etc), and  
  • might result in net earnings over the limit if counted in the week it was received
     

Examples include irregular bonuses, goodwill payments from an employer that may be paid to acknowledge error or poor treatment, lump sum adjustments which may be paid to fix previous miscalculations in salary.

A bonus that is paid regularly e.g. twice a year is not automatically excluded from being a one-off payment. What matters is whether the payment is payable in respect of a period. If it is not, and it would cause earnings to exceed the limit in a single week, the below formula for spreading out the impact of the one-off payment should be applied.

Payments that are payable in respect of a period, such as wages, sick pay, maternity pay, adoption pay or protective awards, are not one-off payments. The below formula would not apply.

All clients would have a duty to report a change of circumstances including for when their earnings change. This may also include when the client is unemployed at the time when they receive a one-off payment.

One-off payment received and earnings under the limit

If a client gets a one-off payment that doesn’t put their earnings over the limit for the relevant period, there is no need for any action. 

One-off payment received and earnings over the limit

If a client gets a one-off payment that puts their earnings over the limit in the week that it was received, this would create a task for a client advisor to confirm whether they had any relevant deductions.

The client advisor would also have to spread out the impact of the one-off payment by performing the calculation below. This will give a number of weeks. Any part weeks should be disregarded.


(Net earnings)/[(Earnings limit + 1p) + (Client's total disregarded and/or deducted earnings)]

For more details see the Carer Support Payment Regulations, Schedule 2, Paragraph  5(2)

Please note the illustrative examples in this guidance have been worked out using the 2025-26 earnings threshold. For a list of current and previous threshold amounts please see operational guidance on benefit rates.

Examples of calculating how many weeks to apply a one-off payment 

Example 1

 

David was unemployed when their Carer Support Payment award started. This was also confirmed in HMRC data which showed no earnings.

David later reports receiving a one-off sum of £1,200 from his previous employer. This payment was a lump-sum adjustment to fix previous miscalculations in his salary. This payment was not payable in respect of any particular period.

 This is over the limit for the week David received the money. David has no other deductions or disregards. The number of weeks that the amount should be spread out over would be calculated as below:

1200 / (196.01 + 0) = 6.12


The £1,200 one-off payment should be spread over 6 benefit weeks effective following the benefit week when David got the money.

£1,200 / 6 = £200  

 

David’s Carer Support Payment award is temporarily stopped following the benefit week in which David got the £1,200. It would be reinstated after 6 weeks if David has no further earnings over the earnings threshold.

Example 2

 

Jenna is getting Carer Support Payment. She earnings £50 per week. She reports receiving an one-off bonus of £500. She has regular childcare expenses of £20 per week.

 

£500 / ( 196.01 + 20) = 2.31£500 / 2 = £250

 

Jenna’s Carer Support Payment is temporarily stopped following the benefit week in which she received the £500. It should be reinstated after 2 weeks if Jenna has no further earnings over the threshold.
​​​​​​

Unusually high payments vs. one-off payments

Table
Unusually high payments One-off payments

Normal wage or salary that is:

  • clearly and significantly higher than all other pay periods
  • not reflective of what the client usually earns

The unusually high pay period must not be:

  • a recurring amount that the client receives in other pay periods
  • a permanent pay increase
  • Not normal wages or salary
  • Not paid for a specific period (e.g. not money received for work done for a particular week, month or year etc).
   
   
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